Product Description
The definitive IS-IS reference and design guide
- Extensive coverage of both underlying concepts and practical applications of the IS-IS protocol
- Detailed explanation of how the IS-IS database works and relevant insights into the operation of the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm
- Comprehensive tutorial on configuring and troubleshooting IS-IS on Cisco routers
- Advanced information on IP network design and performance optimization strategies using IS-IS
- Network design case studies provide a practical perspective of various design strategies
- Comprehensive overview of routing and packet-switching mechanisms on modern routers
- A collection of IS-IS packet formats and analyzer decodes useful for mastering the nuts and bolts of the IS-IS protocol and troubleshooting complex problems
Interior gateway protocols such as Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) are used in conjunction with the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to provide robust, resilient performance and intelligent routing capabilities required in large-scale and complex internetworking environments. Despite the popularity of the IS-IS protocol, however, networking professionals have depended on router configuration manuals, protocol specifications, IETF RFCs, and drafts. Mastering IS-IS, regardless of its simplicity, has been a daunting task for many.
IS-IS Network Design Solutions provides the first comprehensive coverage available on the IS-IS protocol. Networking professionals of all levels now have a single source for all the information needed to become true experts on the IS-IS protocol, particularly for IP routing applications. You will learn about the origins of the IS-IS protocol and the fundamental underlying concepts and then move to complex protocol mechanisms involving building, maintaining, and dissemination of the information found in the IS-IS database on a router. Subsequent discussions on IP network design issues include configuration and troubleshooting techniques, as well as case studies with practical design scenarios.
Index
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Table of Contents
Foreword.
Introduction.
I. IS-IS PROTOCOL: DESIGN SPECIFICATION AND FEATURES.
1. Overview of IP Routing.
IP Routing and Forwarding. Essentials of IP Addressing. Classful and Classless Addressing. Private Address Space. Subnetting and Variable-Length Subnet Masks. Classless Interdomain Routing. Classification of IP Routing Protocols. Classful Versus Classless Protocols. Intradomain Versus Interdomain Routing. Distance-Vector Versus Link-State Protocols. Unicast Versus Multicast Routing. Unicast Routing. IP Unicast Forwarding Example. Longest Match Routing. Cisco Packet-Switching Mechanisms. Process Switching. Fast Switching. Cisco Express Forwarding. Comments on IPv6. IPv6 Addressing. Summary. Review Questions. References.
2. Introduction to the IS-IS Routing Protocol.
ISO Connectionless Network Service. CLNP. ES-IS. The IS-IS Routing Protocol. Integrated IS-IS. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. References.
3. Integrated IS-IS Routing Protocol Concepts.
IS-IS Routing Domain. IS-IS Areas and Routing Hierarchies. IS-IS Packets. IS-IS Packet Formats. IS-IS Protocol Functions. Subnetwork-Dependent Functions. ES-IS Adjacencies. IS-IS Adjacencies. Forming LAN Adjacencies. Pseudonodes. The IS-IS Routing Engine. The Routing Information Base. Addressing Concepts in Integrated IS-IS. Security. Summary. Review Questions. References.
4. Addressing in Integrated IS-IS.
OSI Network Addresses. NSAP Format. Simplified NSAP Format. Obtaining Globally Unique NSAP Addresses. ISO NSAP Addressing Authorities. Defining the System ID. Requirements and Caveats. Configuring Multiple NETs for a Single IS-IS Process. Merging Areas. Splitting Areas. Renumbering NSAP Addresses. NSAP Selector Values. NSAP Examples. NSAP Address-to-Host Name Mapping. Static Host Name Mapping. Dynamic Host Name Mapping. Summary. Review Questions. References.
5. The IS-IS Link-State Database.
IS-IS Link-State Packets. Link-State Packet Format. Link-State Packet TLVs. TLVs for Level 1 LSPs. TLVs for Level 2 LSPs. IS-IS Metrics Information. IS-IS Metric Extensions. Extended IS Reachability TLV (Type 22). Extended IP Reachability TLV (Type 135). Sequence Number Packets. Complete Sequence Number Packets. Partial Sequence Number Packets. Flooding and Link-State Database Synchronization. SRM and SSN Flags. Flooding. Flooding over NBMA Transport Media. Protocol Timers and Other IS-IS Database Parameters. Maxage. LSP Generation Interval. More About the IS-IS Link-State Database. IS-IS Link-State Database and Network Stability. LSP Sequence Number. Duplicate System IDs. Summary. Review Questions. References.
6. The Shortest Path First Algorithm.
Overview of the SPF Algorithm. Basics of Graph Theory. Operation of the SPF Algorithm. Computational Cost of the SPF Algorithm. Memory Requirements. SPF Calculation Example. Calculating IS-IS Routes with the SPF Algorithm. IS-IS SPF Operation on Cisco Routers. Summary. Review Questions. References.
II. INTEGRATED IS-IS NETWORK DESIGN FOR IP INTERNETS.
7. General Network Design Issues.
IP Network Design Principles. Core. Distribution. Access. Using IS-IS as an IGP. Protocol Limitations to Consider. Interaction with BGP. Use of the Overload Bit with BGP. IS-IS Scaling Issues-Network Stability and Convergence. Scalability. Stability. Processing Resources. Improving Convergence. Exponential Backoff. Exponential Backoff Parameters. Exponential Backoff Example. Fast Convergence at Adjacency Setup. Comparing Integrated IS-IS and OSPF. A Brief Historical Tour. Terminology. Common Grounds. Highlights of Differences. IS-IS Versus OSPF-A Closer Look. Encapsulation. Packets Types and Encoding Issues. Neighbor Discovery and Adjacency Maintenance. Distribution of Routing Information. Route Characteristics and Metric Information. Robustness and Reliability Issues. Network Architecture. Stability, Convergence, and Scalability. How Large Can IS-IS and OSPF Areas Be? Security. Operations: Configuring, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting. Conclusion: Which Protocol Is Better? Summary.
8. Network Design Scenarios.
Case Study: Migration of Areas. Case Study: Migration from Narrow to Wide Metrics. Method 1. Method 2. Using IS-IS in ISP Networks. Point-to-Point Connections: PoS. Multipoint Connections: Frame Relay, ATM, and IS-IS Mesh Solutions. Migrating from Other IGPs to Integrated IS-IS. Migrating from a Classless IGP to Integrated IS-IS. Coexisting with Other IP IGPs. Using IS-IS in Dual Environments. Case Study 1: Mixing ISO and IP. Case Study 2: Mixing ISO and IP. Summary. Review Questions.
III. CONFIGURING AND TROUBLESHOOTING INTEGRATED IS-IS.
9. Configuring IS-IS for IP Routing on Cisco Routers.
Point-to-Point Serial-Link Configuration. Configuring IS-IS on Broadcast Multiaccess Links. Configuring IS-IS on NBMA Media. ATM Configuration. Frame Relay Configuration. ISDN Configuration. Configuring IS-IS Capabilities. Advertising the IP Default Route in IS-IS. Redistribution. IP Route Summarization. Secondary Addresses, Unnumbered Interfaces, and Tunneling Configurations. Authentication. Domain-Wide Prefix Distribution (L2 to L1 Route Leaking). Multi-Area Configuration. Configuring IS-IS for Optimized Performance. Summary. References.
10. Troubleshooting the IS-IS Routing Protocol.
Interpreting the Output of Key IS-IS show Commands. show clns. show clns protocol. show clns neighbors. show clns interface. show isis database. show isis topology. show isis spf-log. Other Useful IS-IS Troubleshooting Commands. Debugging IS-IS Problems. Troubleshooting IS-IS Routing Problems. IS-IS Adjacency Formation Problems. IS-IS Route Maintenance Problems. Authentication Problems. IS-IS Error Logging. Summary. Review Questions. References.
IV. APPENDIXES.
Appendix A. IS-IS Packet Formats.
IS-IS Packet Fields (Alphabetical Order). Hello Packets. Link-State Packets. Sequence Number Packets.
Appendix B. Answers to Review Questions.
Chapter 1. Chapter 2. Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. Chapter 6. Chapter 8. Chapter 10.
Index.
