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IPSec VPN

  • Sample Chapter is provided courtesy of Cisco Press.
  • Date: Oct 3, 2017.

Chapter Description

In this sample chapter from CCIE Routing and Switching v5.1 Foundations: Bridging the Gap Between CCNP and CCIE, learn how the Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) and IPSec are essential to building and encrypting VPN tunnels.

Lab 13-4: Protecting DMVPN Tunnels

Figure 13-4

Figure 13-4 Configuring Protecting DMVPN Tunnels

Figure 13-4 illustrates the topology that will be used in the following lab.

Task 1

SW1 represents the Internet; configure the ports on the switch based on the following and then enable IP routing:

  • F0/1: 200.1.1.10/24

  • F0/2: 200.1.2.10/24

  • F0/3: 200.1.3.10/24

On SW1:

SW1(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/1
SW1(config-if)# no switchport
SW1(config-if)# ip address 200.1.1.10 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)# no shutdown

SW1(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/2
SW1(config-if)# no switchport
SW1(config-if)# ip address 200.1.2.10 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)# no shutdown
SW1(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/3
SW1(config-if)# no switchport
SW1(config-if)# ip address 200.1.3.10 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)# no shutdown

SW1(config)# ip routing

Task 2

Configure the F0/0 and loopback0 interfaces of R1, R2, and R3 based on the configurations shown in Table 13-4.

Table 13-4 Configurations for Task 2

Router Interfaces
R1 loopback0: 1.1.1.1/24
F0/0: 200.1.1.1/24
R2 loopback0: 2.2.2.2/24
F0/0: 200.1.2.2/24
R3 loopback0: 3.3.3.3/24
F0/0: 200.1.3.3/24

Ensure that these routers have full reachability to each other using static routes:

On R1:

R1(config)# interface loopback0
R1(config-if)# ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# no shutdown

R1(config)# ip route 200.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.10
R1(config)# ip route 200.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.10

On R2:

R2(config)# interface loopback0
R2(config-if)# ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)# ip address 200.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)# no shutdown
R2(config)# ip route 200.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.2.10
R2(config)# ip route 200.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.2.10

On R3:

R3(config)# interface loopback 0
R3(config-if)# ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/0
R3(config-if)# ip address 200.1.3.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)# no shutdown

R3(config)# ip route 200.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.3.10
R3(config)# ip route 200.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.3.10

Let’s verify the configuration:

On R1:

R1# ping 200.1.2.2

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 200.1.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms

R1# ping 200.1.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 200.1.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms

On R2:

R2# ping 200.1.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 200.1.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms

Task 3

Configure DMVPN Phase 2 such that R1 is the hub. R2 and R3 should be configured as the spokes. You should use 10.1.1.x/24, where x is the router number. If this configuration is performed correctly, these routers should have full reachability to all loopback interfaces and tunnel endpoints. You should not configure static mappings on the hub router to accomplish this task. Use EIGRP to provide reachability.

On R1:

R1(config)# interface tunnel123
R1(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# tunnel source FastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)# tunnel mode gre multipoint
R1(config-if)# ip nhrp network-id 111
R1(config-if)# ip nhrp map multicast dynamic

On R2:

R2(config)# interface tunnel123
R2(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)# tunnel source FastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)# tunnel mode gre multipoint
R2(config-if)# ip nhrp network-id 222
R2(config-if)# ip nhrp nhs 10.1.1.1
R2(config-if)# ip nhrp map 10.1.1.1 200.1.1.1

On R3:

R3(config)# interface tunnel123
R3(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)# tunnel source FastEthernet 0/0
R3(config-if)# tunnel mode gre multipoint
R3(config-if)# ip nhrp network-id 333
R3(config-if)# ip nhrp nhs 10.1.1.1
R3(config-if)# ip nhrp map 10.1.1.1 200.1.1.1

Let’s verify the configuration:

On R1:

R1# show ip nhrp

10.1.1.2/32 via 10.1.1.2
   Tunnel123 created 00:03:43, expire 01:56:16
   Type: dynamic, Flags: unique registered
   NBMA address: 200.1.2.2
10.1.1.3/32 via 10.1.1.3
   Tunnel123 created 00:02:18, expire 01:57:41
   Type: dynamic, Flags: unique registered
   NBMA address: 200.1.3.3

R1# show dmvpn detail

Legend: Attrb --> S - Static, D - Dynamic, I - Incomplete
        N - NATed, L - Local, X - No Socket
        #  Ent --> Number of NHRP entries with same NBMA peer
        NHS Status: E --> Expecting Replies, R --> Responding, W --> Waiting
        UpDn Time --> Up or Down Time for a Tunnel
==========================================================================

Interface Tunnel123 is up/up, Addr. is 10.1.1.1, VRF ""
   Tunnel Src./Dest. addr: 200.1.1.1/MGRE, Tunnel VRF ""
   Protocol/Transport: "multi-GRE/IP", Protect ""
   Interface State Control: Disabled
Type:Hub, Total NBMA Peers (v4/v6): 2

# Ent  Peer NBMA Addr Peer Tunnel Add State  UpDn Tm Attrb  Target Network
----- --------------- --------------- ----- -------- ----- ---------------
    1      200.1.2.2        10.1.1.2    UP 00:04:47    D      10.1.1.2/32
    1      200.1.3.3        10.1.1.3    UP 00:03:22    D      10.1.1.3/32

Crypto Session Details:
-------------------------------------------------------------------

Pending DMVPN Sessions:

R1# ping 10.1.1.2

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms

R1# ping 10.1.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms

Now we can run EIGRP:

R1(config)# router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)# network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
R1(config-router)# network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

R1(config)# interface tunnel123
R1(config-if)# no ip split-horizon eigrp 100
R1(config-if)# no ip next-hop-self eigrp 100

On R2:

R2(config)# router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)# network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
R2(config-router)# network 10.1.1.2 0.0.0.0

You should see the following console message:

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: EIGRP-IPv4 100: Neighbor 10.1.1.1 (Tunnel123) is up:
new adjacency

R2(config)# interface tunne123
R2(config-if)# ip nhrp map multicast 200.1.1.1

On R3:

R3(config)# router eigrp 100
R3(config-router)# network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
R3(config-router)# network 10.1.1.3 0.0.0.0

You should also see this console message:

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: EIGRP-IPv4 100: Neighbor 10.1.1.1 (Tunnel123) is up:  new adjacency

R3(config)# interface tunnel123
R3(config-if)# ip nhrp map multicast 200.1.1.1

Let’s verify the configuration:

On R2:

R2# show ip route eigrp | begin Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        1.1.1.0 [90/27008000] via 10.1.1.1, 00:02:19, Tunnel123
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        3.3.3.0 [90/28288000] via 10.1.1.3, 00:01:31, Tunnel123

R2# ping 1.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms

R2# ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/8 ms

Task 4

Protect the traffic between 1.1.1.0/24, 2.2.2.0/24, and 3.3.3.0/24 using an IPSec VPN based on the policy shown in Table 13-5.

Table 13-5 Policy Guidelines for Configuring Task 4

ISAKMP Policy IPSec Policy
Authentication: Pre-shared Encryption: ESP-3DES
Hash: MD5 Hash: ESP-MD5-HMAC
DH Group: 2 Proxy-ID/Crypto ACL: 1.1.1.1 .... 2.2.2.2
Encryption: 3DES
PSK: cisco

Let’s go through the steps.

First, we begin by configuring IKE Phase 1:

On R1:

R1(config)# crypto isakmp policy 10
R1(config-isakmp)# hash md5
R1(config-isakmp)# authentication pre-share
R1(config-isakmp)# group 2
R1(config-isakmp)# encryption 3des
R1(config)# crypto isakmp key cisco address 0.0.0.0

Now with that done, we can create a transform set based on the requirement in the task:

R1(config)# crypto ipsec transform-set TSET esp-des esp-md5-hmac
R1(cfg-crypto-trans)# mode transport

Next, we configure crypto ipsec profile to reference the transform set:

R1(config)# crypto ipsec profile TST
R1(ipsec-profile)# set transform-set TSET

The crypto ipsec profile is configured in the tunnel to protect all traffic traversing the tunnel interface:

R1(config)# interface tunnel123
R1(config-if)# tunnel protection ipsec profile TST

Once this is configured on R1, you will see that ISAKMP is enabled. Because this is the only site configured, EIGRP neighbor adjacency will be lost to R2 and R3:

%CRYPTO-6-ISAKMP_ON_OFF: ISAKMP is ON

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: EIGRP-IPv4 100: Neighbor 10.1.1.2 (Tunnel123) is down:
holding time expired

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: EIGRP-IPv4 100: Neighbor 10.1.1.3 (Tunnel123) is down:
holding time expired

You will also see the following console messages stating that you are receiving packets that are not encrypted:

%CRYPTO-4-RECVD_PKT_NOT_IPSEC: Rec'd packet not an IPSEC packet. (ip)
vrf/dest_addr= /200.1.1.1, src_addr= 200.1.2.2, prot= 47

On R2:

R2(config)# crypto isakmp policy 10
R2(config-isakmp)# hash md5
R2(config-isakmp)# authentication pre-share
R2(config-isakmp)# group 2
R2(config-isakmp)# encryption 3des

R2(config)# crypto isakmp key cisco address 0.0.0.0

R2(config)# crypto ipsec transform-set TSET esp-des esp-md5-hmac
R2(cfg-crypto-trans)# mode transport

R2(config)# crypto ipsec profile TST
R2(ipsec-profile)# set transform-set TSET

R2(config)# interface tunnel 123
R2(config-if)# tunnel protection ipsec profile TST

You should see the following console message:

%CRYPTO-6-ISAKMP_ON_OFF: ISAKMP is ON

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: EIGRP-IPv4 100: Neighbor 10.1.1.1 (Tunnel123) is up:
new adjacency

On R3:

R3(config)# crypto isakmp policy 10
R3(config-isakmp)# hash md5
R3(config-isakmp)# authentication pre-share
R3(config-isakmp)# group 2
R3(config-isakmp)# encryption 3des

R3(config)# crypto isakmp key cisco address 0.0.0.0

R3(config)# crypto ipsec transform-set TSET esp-des esp-md5-hmac
R3(cfg-crypto-trans)# mode transport

R3(config)# crypto ipsec profile TST
R3(ipsec-profile)# set transform-set TSET

R3(config)# interface tunnel 123
R3(config-if)# tunnel protection ipsec profile TST

%CRYPTO-6-ISAKMP_ON_OFF: ISAKMP is ON

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: EIGRP-IPv4 100: Neighbor 10.1.1.1 (Tunnel123) is up:
new adjacency

Let’s verify the configuration:

On R2:

R2# show crypto ipsec sa

interface: Tunnel123
    Crypto map tag: Tunnel123-head-0, local addr 200.1.2.2

   protected vrf: (none)
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (200.1.2.2/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (200.1.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   current_peer 200.1.1.1 port 500
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
    # pkts encaps: 176, # pkts encrypt: 176, # pkts digest: 176
    # pkts decaps: 178, # pkts decrypt: 178, # pkts verify: 178
    # pkts compressed: 0, # pkts decompressed: 0
    # pkts not compressed: 0, # pkts compr. failed: 0

    # pkts not decompressed: 0, # pkts decompress failed: 0
    # send errors 0, # recv errors 0

     local crypto endpt.: 200.1.2.2, remote crypto endpt.: 200.1.1.1
     path mtu 1500, ip mtu 1500, ip mtu idb (none)
     current outbound spi: 0x97BEF376(2545873782)
     PFS (Y/N): N, DH group: none

     inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x7AC150C4(2059489476)
        transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Transport, }
        conn id: 2003, flow_id: NETGX:3, sibling_flags 80000006, crypto map: Tunnel123-head-0
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4428305/2843)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE

     inbound ah sas:

     inbound pcp sas:

     outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x97BEF376(2545873782)
        transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac ,
       in use settings ={Transport, }
        conn id: 2004, flow_id: NETGX:4, sibling_flags 80000006, crypto map: Tunnel123-head-0
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4428305/2843)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE

     outbound ah sas:

     outbound pcp sas:

   protected vrf: (none)
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (200.1.2.2/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (200.1.3.3/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   current_peer 200.1.3.3 port 500
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
    # pkts encaps: 0, # pkts encrypt: 0, # pkts digest: 0
    # pkts decaps: 0, # pkts decrypt: 0, # pkts verify: 0

    # pkts compressed: 0, # pkts decompressed: 0
    # pkts not compressed: 0, # pkts compr. failed: 0
    # pkts not decompressed: 0, # pkts decompress failed: 0
    # send errors 0, # recv errors 0

     local crypto endpt.: 200.1.2.2, remote crypto endpt.: 200.1.3.3
     path mtu 1500, ip mtu 1500, ip mtu idb (none)
     current outbound spi: 0x539AB1EC(1402647020)
     PFS (Y/N): N, DH group: none

     inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xCC3D2892(3426560146)
        transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Transport, }
        conn id: 2007, flow_id: NETGX:7, sibling_flags 80000006, crypto map: Tunnel123-head-0
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4529448/2854)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE

     inbound ah sas:

     inbound pcp sas:

     outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x539AB1EC(1402647020)
        transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Transport, }
        conn id: 2008, flow_id: NETGX:8, sibling_flags 80000006, crypto map: Tunnel123-head-0
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4529448/2854)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE

     outbound ah sas:

     outbound pcp sas:

R2# show crypto isakmp sa

IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst             src             state          conn-id status
200.1.2.2       200.1.3.3       QM_IDLE           1003 ACTIVE
200.1.2.2       200.1.1.1       QM_IDLE           1002 ACTIVE
200.1.1.1       200.1.2.2       QM_IDLE           1001 ACTIVE
200.1.3.3       200.1.2.2       QM_IDLE           1004 ACTIVE

IPv6 Crypto ISAKMP SA

R2# ping 3.3.3.3 source loopback0

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 2.2.2.2
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms

R2# show crypto ipsec sa | include local|remote|#pkts

    Crypto map tag: Tunnel123-head-0, local addr 200.1.2.2
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (200.1.2.2/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (200.1.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
    # pkts encaps: 304, # pkts encrypt: 304, # pkts digest: 304
    # pkts decaps: 306, # pkts decrypt: 306, # pkts verify: 306
    # pkts compressed: 0, # pkts decompressed: 0
    # pkts not compressed: 0, # pkts compr. failed: 0
    # pkts not decompressed: 0, # pkts decompress failed: 0
     local crypto endpt.: 200.1.2.2, remote crypto endpt.: 200.1.1.1
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (200.1.2.2/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (200.1.3.3/255.255.255.255/47/0)
    # pkts encaps: 5, # pkts encrypt: 5, # pkts digest: 5
    # pkts decaps: 5, # pkts decrypt: 5, # pkts verify: 5
    # pkts compressed: 0, # pkts decompressed: 0
    # pkts not compressed: 0, # pkts compr. failed: 0
    # pkts not decompressed: 0, # pkts decompress failed: 0
     local crypto endpt.: 200.1.2.2, remote crypto endpt.: 200.1.3.3

Erase the startup configuration of the routers and reload them before proceeding to the next lab.

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  • In connection the sale, joint venture or other transfer of some or all of its company or assets, subject to the provisions of this Privacy Notice
  • To investigate or address actual or suspected fraud or other illegal activities
  • To exercise its legal rights, including enforcement of the Terms of Use for this site or another contract
  • To affiliated Pearson companies and other companies and organizations who perform work for Pearson and are obligated to protect the privacy of personal information consistent with this Privacy Notice
  • To a school, organization, company or government agency, where Pearson collects or processes the personal information in a school setting or on behalf of such organization, company or government agency.

Links

This web site contains links to other sites. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects Personal Information. This privacy statement applies solely to information collected by this web site.

Requests and Contact

Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information.

Changes to this Privacy Notice

We may revise this Privacy Notice through an updated posting. We will identify the effective date of the revision in the posting. Often, updates are made to provide greater clarity or to comply with changes in regulatory requirements. If the updates involve material changes to the collection, protection, use or disclosure of Personal Information, Pearson will provide notice of the change through a conspicuous notice on this site or other appropriate way. Continued use of the site after the effective date of a posted revision evidences acceptance. Please contact us if you have questions or concerns about the Privacy Notice or any objection to any revisions.

Last Update: November 17, 2020