CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, 2nd Edition

Trust the best-selling Official Cert Guide series from Cisco Press to help you learn, prepare, and practice for exam success. They are built with the objective of providing assessment, review, and practice to help ensure you are fully prepared for your certification exam.

CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Second Edition presents you with an organized test-preparation routine using proven series elements and techniques. Do I Know This Already? quizzes open each chapter and enable you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly.

• Master Cisco CCNA 200-301 exam topics
• Assess your knowledge with chapter-opening quizzes
• Review key concepts with exam preparation tasks
• Practice with realistic exam questions in the practice test software

CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Second Edition from Cisco Press enables you to succeed on the exam the first time and is the only self-study resource approved by Cisco. Best-selling author and expert instructor Wendell Odom shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills.

This complete study package includes

• A test-preparation routine proven to help you pass the exams
• Do I Know This Already? quizzes, which enable you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section
• Chapter-ending and part-ending exercises, which help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly
• The powerful Pearson Test Prep Practice Test software, complete with hundreds of well-reviewed, exam-realistic questions, customization options, and detailed performance reports
• A free copy of the CCNA 200-301 Volume 1 Network Simulator Lite software, complete with meaningful lab exercises that help you hone your hands-on skills with the command-line interface for routers and switches
• Links to a series of hands-on config labs developed by the author
• Online, interactive practice exercises that help you hone your knowledge
• More than 6 hours of video mentoring from the author
• A final preparation chapter, which guides you through tools and resources to help you craft your review and test-taking strategies
• Study plan suggestions and templates to help you organize and optimize your study time

Well regarded for its level of detail, study plans, assessment features, challenging review questions and exercises, video instruction, and hands-on labs, this official study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that ensure your exam success.

This official study guide has been fully updated to help you master the topics on the latest CCNA 200-301 exam. Volume 1 topic coverage includes

• Networking fundamentals
• Implementing Ethernet LANs
• Implementing VLANs and STP
• IPv4 addressing and subnetting
• IPv4 routing
• Implementing OSPF
• IPv6 addressing, subnetting, and routing

Content Update Program

This fully updated second edition includes the latest topics and additional information covering changes to the latest CCNA 200-301 exam. Visit ciscopress.com/newcerts for information on annual digital updates for this book that align to Cisco exam blueprint version changes.

Companion Website:

The companion website contains more than 400 unique practice exam questions, CCNA Network Simulator Lite software, online review and practice exercises, key term flash cards, and 6+ hours of video training.

Also available from Cisco Press for CCNA study is the CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Premium Edition eBook and Practice Test, Second Edition. This digital-only certification preparation product combines an eBook with enhanced Pearson Test Prep Practice Test.

This integrated learning package

• Enables you to focus on individual topic areas or take complete, timed exams
• Includes direct links from each question to detailed tutorials to help you understand the concepts behind the questions
• Provides unique sets of exam-realistic practice questions
• Tracks your performance and provides feedback on a module-by-module basis, laying out a complete assessment of your knowledge to help you focus your study where it is needed most

In addition to the wealth of updated content, this new edition includes a series of free hands-on exercises to help you master several real-world configuration and troubleshooting activities. These exercises can be performed on the CCNA 200-301 Network Simulator Lite, Volume 1 software included for free on the companion website that accompanies this book. This software, which simulates the experience of working on actual Cisco routers and switches, contains the following free lab exercises, covering topics in Part II and Part III, the first hands-on configuration sections of the book:

1. Configuring Local Usernames
2. Configuring Hostnames
3. Interface Status I
4. Interface Status II
5. Interface Status III
6. Interface Status IV
7. Configuring Switch IP Settings
8. Switch IP Address
9. Switch IP Connectivity I
10. Switch CLI Configuration Process I
11. Switch CLI Configuration Process II
12. Switch CLI Exec Mode
13. Setting Switch Passwords
14. Interface Settings I
15. Interface Settings II
16. Interface Settings III
17. Switch Forwarding I
18. Switch Security I
19. Switch Interfaces and Forwarding Configuration Scenario
20. Configuring VLANs Configuration Scenario
21. VLAN Troubleshooting

CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Premium Edition eBook and Practice Test, Second Edition

The exciting CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Premium Edition eBook and Practice Test, Second Edition is a digital-only certification preparation product combining an eBook with enhanced Pearson Test Prep Practice Test. The Premium Edition eBook and Practice Test contains the following items:

• The CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Second Edition Premium Edition Practice Test, including four full practice exams, part review questions, book review questions, and enhanced practice test features
• PDF and EPUB formats of the CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Second Edition from Cisco Press, which are accessible via your PC, tablet, and smartphone

About the Premium Edition Practice Test

This Premium Edition contains an enhanced version of the Pearson Test Prep (PTP) practice test software with four full practice exams. In addition, it contains all the chapter-opening assessment questions from the book and part review questions. This integrated learning package

• Enables you to focus on individual topic areas or take complete, timed exams
• Includes direct links from each question to detailed tutorials to help you understand the concepts behind the questions
• Provides unique sets of exam-realistic practice questions
• Tracks your performance and provides feedback on a module-by-module basis, laying out a complete assessment of your knowledge to help you focus your study where it is needed most

About the Premium Edition eBook

CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Second Edition presents you with an organized test-preparation routine using proven series elements and techniques. Do I Know This Already? quizzes open each chapter and enable you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly.

• Master Cisco CCNA 200-301 exam topics
• Assess your knowledge with chapter-opening quizzes
• Review key concepts with exam preparation tasks
• Practice with realistic exam questions in the practice test software

CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Second Edition from Cisco Press enables you to succeed on the exam the first time and is the only self-study resource approved by Cisco. Best-selling author Wendell Odom shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills.

This complete study package includes

• A test-preparation routine proven to help you pass the exams
• Do I Know This Already? quizzes, which enable you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section
• Chapter-ending Key Topic tables, which help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly
• The powerful Pearson Test Prep Practice Test software, complete with hundreds of well-reviewed, exam-realistic questions, customization options, and detailed performance reports
• A free copy of the CCNA 200-301 Network Simulator Lite software, complete with meaningful lab exercises that help you hone your hands-on skills with the command-line interface for routers and switches
• Links to a series of hands-on config labs developed by the author
• Online, interactive practice exercises that help you enhance your knowledge and hone your configuration skills
• 6+ hours of video mentoring from the author
• Study plan suggestions and templates to help you organize and optimize your study time
• An online, interactive Flash Cards application to help you drill on Key Terms by chapter

Well regarded for its level of detail, study plans, assessment features, hands-on labs, and challenging review questions and exercises, this official study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that ensure your exam success.

This official study guide has been fully updated to help you master the topics on the latest CCNA 200-301 exam. Volume 1 topic coverage includes

• Networking fundamentals
• Implementing Ethernet LANs
• Implementing VLANs and STP
• IPv4 addressing and subnetting
• IPv4 routing
• Implementing OSPF
• IPv6 addressing, subnetting, and routing

Content Update Program

This fully updated second edition includes the latest topics and additional information covering changes to the latest CCNA 200-301 exam. Visit ciscopress.com/newcerts for information on annual digital updates for this book that align to Cisco exam blueprint version changes.

Companion Website:

The companion website contains more than 400 unique practice exam questions, CCNA Network Simulator Lite software, online review and practice exercises, key term flash cards, and 6+ hours of video training.

In addition to the wealth of updated content, this new edition includes a series of free hands-on exercises to help you master several real-world configuration and troubleshooting activities. These exercises can be performed on the CCNA 200-301 Network Simulator Lite, Volume 1 software included for free on the companion website that accompanies this book. This software, which simulates the experience of working on actual Cisco routers and switches, contains the following free lab exercises, covering topics in Part II and Part III, the first hands-on configuration sections of the book:

1. Configuring Local Usernames
2. Configuring Hostnames
3. Interface Status I
4. Interface Status II
5. Interface Status III
6. Interface Status IV
7. Configuring Switch IP Settings
8. Switch IP Address
9. Switch IP Connectivity I
10. Switch CLI Configuration Process I
11. Switch CLI Configuration Process II
12. Switch CLI Exec Mode
13. Setting Switch Passwords
14. Interface Settings I
15. Interface Settings II
16. Interface Settings III
17. Switch Forwarding I
18. Switch Security I
19. Switch Interfaces and Forwarding Configuration Scenario
20. Configuring VLANs Configuration Scenario
21. VLAN Troubleshooting

Online Sample Chapter

Implementing Basic OSPF Features

Sample Pages

Download the sample pages (includes Chapter 22)

Table of Contents

Introduction xxxiv
Your Study Plan 2
Part I Introduction to Networking 15
Chapter 1 Introduction to TCP/IP Networking 16
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 17
Foundation Topics 18
Perspectives on Networking 18
TCP/IP Networking Model 19
History Leading to TCP/IP 20
Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Model 21
TCP/IP Application Layer 23
HTTP Overview 23
HTTP Protocol Mechanisms 23
TCP/IP Transport Layer 24
TCP Error Recovery Basics 25
Same-Layer and Adjacent-Layer Interactions 25
TCP/IP Network Layer 26
Internet Protocol and the Postal Service 26
Internet Protocol Addressing Basics 27
IP Routing Basics 28
TCP/IP Data-Link and Physical Layers 29
Data Encapsulation Terminology 31
Names of TCP/IP Messages 31
OSI Networking Model and Terminology 32
Comparing OSI and TCP/IP Layer Names and Numbers 33
Chapter Review 34
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs 36
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 36
Foundation Topics 38
An Overview of LANs 38
Typical SOHO LANs 39
Typical Enterprise LANs 40
The Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer Standards 41
Consistent Behavior over All Links Using the Ethernet Data-Link Layer 42
Building Physical Ethernet LANs with UTP 43
Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs 43
Breaking Down a UTP Ethernet Link 44
UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T 46
Straight-Through Cable Pinout 46
Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts 48
Automatic Rewiring with Auto-MDIX 49
UTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-T 49
Building Physical Ethernet LANs with Fiber 50
Fiber Cabling Transmission Concepts 50
Using Fiber with Ethernet 52
Sending Data in Ethernet Networks 53
Ethernet Data-Link Protocols 53
Ethernet Addressing 54
Identifying Network Layer Protocols with the Ethernet Type Field 56
Error Detection with FCS 56
Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs 57
Sending in Modern Ethernet LANs Using Full Duplex 57
Using Half Duplex with LAN Hubs 58
Chapter Review 60
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of WANs and IP Routing 62
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 62
Foundation Topics 64
Wide-Area Networks 64
Leased-Line WANs 64
Physical Details of Leased Lines 65
Data-Link Details of Leased Lines 66
How Routers Use a WAN Data Link 67
Ethernet as a WAN Technology 69
Ethernet WANs That Create a Layer 2 Service 70
How Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet WAN Links 70
IP Routing 71
Network Layer Routing (Forwarding) Logic 72
Host Forwarding Logic: Send the Packet to the Default Router 73
R1 and R2s Logic: Routing Data Across the Network 73
R3s Logic: Delivering Data to the End Destination 73
How Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANs 73
How IP Addressing Helps IP Routing 76
Rules for Groups of IP Addresses (Networks and Subnets) 76
The IP Header 77
How IP Routing Protocols Help IP Routing 77
Other Network Layer Features 79
Using Names and the Domain Name System 79
The Address Resolution Protocol 80
ICMP Echo and the ping Command 81
Chapter Review 82
Part I Review 84
Part II Implementing Ethernet LANs 87
Chapter 4 Using the Command-Line Interface 88
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 88
Foundation Topics 90
Accessing the Cisco Catalyst Switch CLI 90
Cisco Catalyst Switches 90
Accessing the Cisco IOS XE CLI 91
The Operating System in Cisco Catalyst Switches 92
Accessing the IOS XE CLI 92
Cabling the Console Connection 93
Configuring a Terminal Emulator 95
Accessing the CLI with Telnet and SSH 96
User and Enable (Privileged) Modes 96
Password Security for CLI Access from the Console 98
Accessing the CLI with the WebUI 99
CLI Help Features 101
The debug and show Commands 103
Configuring Cisco IOS Software 103
Configuration Submodes and Contexts 104
Storing Switch Configuration Files 106
Copying and Erasing Configuration Files 109
Chapter Review 109
Chapter 5 Analyzing Ethernet LAN Switching 112
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 112
Foundation Topics 114
LAN Switching Concepts 114
Overview of Switching Logic 115
Forwarding Known Unicast Frames 116
Learning MAC Addresses 118
Flooding Unknown Unicast and Broadcast Frames 119
Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol 120
LAN Switching Summary 121
Verifying and Analyzing Ethernet Switching 121
Demonstrating MAC Learning 122
Switch Interfaces 123
Finding Entries in the MAC Address Table 124
Managing the MAC Address Table (Aging, Clearing) 126
MAC Address Tables with Multiple Switches 127
Chapter Review 128
Chapter 6 Configuring Basic Switch Management 132
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 132
Foundation Topics 134
Securing the Switch CLI 134
Securing User Mode and Privileged Mode with Simple Passwords 135
Securing User Mode Access with Local Usernames and Passwords 139
Securing User Mode Access with External Authentication Servers 141
Securing Remote Access with Secure Shell 142
Enabling and Securing the WebUI 145
Enabling IPv4 for Remote Access 146
Host and Switch IP Settings 147
Configuring IPv4 on a Switch 149
Configuring a Switch to Learn Its IP Address with DHCP 150
Verifying IPv4 on a Switch 150
Miscellaneous Settings Useful in the Lab 151
History Buffer Commands 151
The logging synchronous, exec-timeout, and no ip domain-lookup Commands 152
Chapter Review 153
Chapter 7 Configuring and Verifying Switch Interfaces 158
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 158
Foundation Topics 161
Configuring Switch Interface Speed and Duplex 161
IEEE Autonegotiation Concepts 161
Autonegotiation Under Working Conditions 161
Autonegotiation Results When Only One Node Uses
Autonegotiation 163
Autonegotiation and LAN Hubs 165
Configuring Autonegotiation, Speed, and Duplex 165
Using Autonegotiation on Cisco Switches 165
Setting Speed and Duplex Manually 169
Using Auto-MDIX on Cisco Switches 170
Managing Switch Interface Configuration 172
The Description and Interface Range Commands 172
Administratively Controlling Interface State with shutdown 173
Removing Configuration with the no Command 174
Analyzing Switch Interface Status and Statistics 176
Interface Status Codes 176
The Duplex Mismatch Issue 177
Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces 178
Chapter Review 180
Part II Review 184
Part III Implementing VLANs and STP 187
Chapter 8 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs 188
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 189
Foundation Topics 191
Virtual LAN Concepts 191
Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking 192
VLAN Tagging Concepts 193
The 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking Protocols 194
Forwarding Data Between VLANs 195
The Need for Routing Between VLANs 195
Routing Packets Between VLANs with a Router 196
VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 197
Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface 197
VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration 198
VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration 201
VLAN Trunking Protocol 201
VLAN Trunking Configuration 203
Implementing Interfaces Connected to Phones 207
Data and Voice VLAN Concepts 208
Data and Voice VLAN Configuration and Verification 209
Summary: IP Telephony Ports on Switches 212
Troubleshooting VLANs and VLAN Trunks 212
Confirm the Correct Access VLAN Is Assigned 213
Access VLANs Undefined or Disabled 213
Mismatched Trunking Operational States 215
The Supported VLAN List on Trunks 217
Mismatched Native VLAN on a Trunk 218
Chapter Review 218
Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts 222
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 223
Foundation Topics 224
STP and RSTP Basics 224
The Need for Spanning Tree 225
What Spanning Tree Does 227
How Spanning Tree Works 228
The STP Bridge ID and Hello BPDU 229
Electing the Root Switch 230
Choosing Each Switchs Root Port 232
Choosing the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment 234
Configuring to Influence the STP Topology 235
Details Specific to STP (and Not RSTP) 236
STP Activity When the Network Remains Stable 236
STP Timers That Manage STP Convergence 237
Changing Interface States with STP 238
Rapid STP Concepts 239
Comparing STP and RSTP 240
RSTP and the Alternate (Root) Port Role 241
RSTP States and Processes 243
RSTP and the Backup (Designated) Port Role 244
RSTP Port Types 245
Optional STP Features 246
EtherChannel 246
PortFast 247
BPDU Guard 248
BPDU Filter 248
BPDU Filter to Prevent Loops on PortFast Ports 249
BPDU Filter to Disable STP on a Port 249
Root Guard 250
Loop Guard 251
Chapter Review 254
Chapter 10 RSTP and EtherChannel Configuration 256
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 256
Foundation Topics 259
Understanding RSTP Through Configuration 259
The Need for Multiple Spanning Trees 260
STP Modes and Standards 260
The Bridge ID and System ID Extension 261
Identifying Switch Priority and the Root Switch 263
Switch Priority and Identifying the Root Switch 263
Switch Priority Using Root Primary and Secondary 265
RSTP (One Tree) and RPVST+ (One Tree Per VLAN) 266
Identifying Port Cost, Role, and State 266
Identifying Optional STP Features 269
PortFast and BPDU Guard 269
PortFast and BPDU Guard on an Access Port with One Endpoint 269
PortFast on VLAN Trunks and Voice Pseudo-Trunks 271
Global Configuration of PortFast and BPDU Guard 273
BPDU Filter 274
Conditional BPDU Filtering with Global Configuration 275
Disabling STP with BPDU Filter Interface Configuration 277
Root Guard 278
Loop Guard 279
Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel 281
Configuring a Manual Layer 2 EtherChannel 281
Configuring Dynamic EtherChannels 284
Interface Configuration Consistency with EtherChannels 287
EtherChannel Load Distribution 289
Chapter Review 291
Part III Review 296
Part IV IPv4 Addressing 299
Chapter 11 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 300
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 300
Foundation Topics 302
Introduction to Subnetting 302
Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 302
Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 303
Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 304
Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 304
Determining the Number of Subnets 305
Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet 307
One Size Subnet Fits AllOr Not 307
Defining the Size of a Subnet 308
One Size Subnet Fits All 308
Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks) 309
One Mask for All Subnets, or More Than One 310
Make Design Choices 311
Choose a Classful Network 311
Public IP Networks 311
Growth Exhausts the Public IP Address Space 312
Private IP Networks 313
Choosing an IP Network During the Design Phase 314
Choose the Mask 314
Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting 315
Borrowing Host Bits to Create Subnet Bits 315
Choosing Enough Subnet and Host Bits 316
Example Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 Hosts 317
Masks and Mask Formats 318
Build a List of All Subnets 318
Plan the Implementation 320
Assigning Subnets to Different Locations 320
Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 321
Chapter Review 322
Chapter 12 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 324
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 324
Foundation Topics 325
Classful Network Concepts 325
Setting the Context of Public Networks and CIDR Blocks 326
IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 328
The Number and Size of the Class A, B, and C Networks 329
Address Formats 330
Default Masks 330
Number of Hosts per Network 331
Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 331
Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses 333
Practice with Classful Networks 334
Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address 334
Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes 335
Chapter Review 335
Chapter 13 Analyzing Subnet Masks 338
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 338
Foundation Topics 340
Subnet Mask Conversion 340
Three Mask Formats 340
Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks 341
Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks 342
Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks 344
Practice Converting Subnet Masks 344
Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks 345
Masks Divide the Subnets Addresses into Two Parts 346
Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts 347
Classless and Classful Addressing 348
Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 349
Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 350
Masks and CIDR Blocks 351
Chapter Review 352
Chapter 14 Analyzing Existing Subnets 356
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 356
Foundation Topics 358
Defining a Subnet 358
An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets 358
Subnet ID Concepts 360
Subnet Broadcast Address 361
Range of Usable Addresses 361
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 362
Finding the Subnet ID: Binary 362
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary 363
Binary Practice Problems 364
Shortcut for the Binary Process 365
A Brief Note About Boolean Math 367
Finding the Range of Addresses 367
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 367
Analysis with Easy Masks 367
Predictability in the Interesting Octet 368
Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks 369
Resident Subnet Example 1 370
Resident Subnet Example 2 371
Resident Subnet Practice Problems 371
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks 372
Subnet Broadcast Example 1 372
Subnet Broadcast Example 2 372
Subnet Broadcast Address Practice Problems 373
Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 373
A Choice: Memorize or Calculate 373
Chapter Review 374
Chapter 15 Subnet Design 378
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 378
Foundation Topics 380
Choosing the Mask(s) to Meet Requirements 380
Review: Choosing the Minimum Number of Subnet and Host Bits 380
No Masks Meet Requirements 381
One Mask Meets Requirements 382
Multiple Masks Meet Requirements 383
Finding All the Masks: Concepts 383
Finding All the Masks: Math 384
Choosing the Best Mask 385
The Formal Process 385
Practice Choosing Subnet Masks 386
Practice Problems for Choosing a Subnet Mask 386
Finding All Subnet IDs 386
First Subnet ID: The Zero Subnet 387
Finding the Pattern Using the Magic Number 388
A Formal Process with Fewer Than 8 Subnet Bits 389
Example 1: Network 172.16.0.0, Mask 255.255.240.0 390
Example 2: Network 192.168.1.0, Mask 255.255.255.224 391
Finding All Subnets with Exactly 8 Subnet Bits 393
Finding All Subnets with More Than 8 Subnet Bits 393
Process with 916 Subnet Bits 393
Process with 17 or More Subnet Bits 395
Practice Finding All Subnet IDs 396
Practice Problems for Finding All Subnet IDs 396
Chapter Review 396
Part IV Review 402
Part V IPv4 Routing 405
Chapter 16 Operating Cisco Routers 406
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 406
Foundation Topics 407
Installing Cisco Routers 407
Installing Enterprise Routers 408
The Cisco Router Operating Systems 409
Cisco Integrated Services Routers 410
The Cisco Catalyst Edge Platform 411
Physical Installation 412
Installing SOHO Routers 412
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Router Interfaces 413
Accessing the Router CLI 414
Router Interfaces 415
Interface Status Codes 417
Router Interface IP Addresses 418
Ethernet Interface Autonegotiation 420
Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces 423
Router Auxiliary Port 423
Chapter Review 423
Chapter 17 Configuring IPv4 Addresses and Static Routes 426
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 427
Foundation Topics 428
IP Routing 428
IPv4 Routing Process Reference 429
An Example of IP Routing 431
Host Forwards the IP Packet to the Default Router (Gateway) 432
Routing Step 1: Decide Whether to Process the Incoming Frame 432
Routing Step 2: De-encapsulation of the IP Packet 433
Routing Step 3: Choosing Where to Forward the Packet 433
Routing Step 4: Encapsulating the Packet in a New Frame 434
Routing Step 5: Transmitting the Frame 435
Configuring IP Addresses and Connected Routes 435
Connected Routes and the ip address Command 436
Common Mistakes with the ip address Subcommand 438
The ARP Table on a Cisco Router 439
Configuring Static Routes 440
Static Network Routes 441
Verifying Static Network Routes 442
Ethernet Outgoing Interfaces and Proxy ARP 443
Static Default Routes 443
Static Host Routes 445
Floating Static Routes 447
Troubleshooting Static Routes 448
Incorrect Static Routes That Appear in the IP Routing Table 448
The Static Route Does Not Appear in the IP Routing Table 449
The Correct Static Route Appears but Works Poorly 450
Chapter Review 450
Chapter 18 IP Routing in the LAN 454
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 455
Foundation Topics 457
VLAN Routing with Router 802.1Q Trunks 457
Configuring ROAS 458
Verifying ROAS 461
Troubleshooting ROAS 463
VLAN Routing with Layer 3 Switch SVIs 464
Configuring Routing Using Switch SVIs 464
Verifying Routing with SVIs 466
Troubleshooting Routing with SVIs 467
SVI Interface State with Autostate Enabled 467
SVI Interface State with Autostate Disabled 469
VLAN Routing with Layer 3 Switch Routed Ports 469
Implementing Routed Interfaces on Switches 470
Implementing Layer 3 EtherChannels 473
Troubleshooting Layer 3 EtherChannels 476
VLAN Routing on a Routers LAN Switch Ports 477
Configuring Routing for Embedded Switch Ports 478
Verifying Routing for Embedded Switch Ports 480
Identifying Switched Ports in Routers 481
Chapter Review 482
Chapter 19 IP Addressing on Hosts 486
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 486
Foundation Topics 488
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 488
DHCP Concepts 488
APIPA IP Addresses (169.254.x.x) 490
Supporting DHCP for Remote Subnets with DHCP Relay 490
Information Stored at the DHCP Server 492
Configuring DHCP Features on Routers and Switches 493
Configuring DHCP Relay 494
Configuring a Switch as DHCP Client 495
Configuring a Router as DHCP Client 496
Identifying Host IPv4 Settings 497
Host Settings for IPv4 497
Host IP Settings on Windows 499
Host IP Settings on macOS 502
Host IP Settings on Linux 504
Troubleshooting Host IP Settings 506
A Working Windows Host with Static IP Configuration 506
A Failed Windows DHCP Client Due to IP Connectivity Issues 507
A Working Windows DHCP Client with Incorrect Settings 508
Chapter Review 510
Chapter 20 Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing 512
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 512
Foundation Topics 513
Problem Isolation Using the ping Command 513
Ping Command Basics 513
Strategies and Results When Testing with the ping Command 514
Testing Longer Routes from Near the Source of the Problem 514
Using Extended Ping to Test the Reverse Route 517
Testing LAN Neighbors with Standard Ping 519
Testing LAN Neighbors with Extended Ping 520
Testing WAN Neighbors with Standard Ping 521
Using Ping with Names and with IP Addresses 522
Problem Isolation Using the traceroute Command 524
traceroute Basics 524
How the traceroute Command Works 525
Standard and Extended traceroute 526
Telnet and SSH 527
Common Reasons to Use the IOS Telnet and SSH Client 528
IOS Telnet and SSH Examples 529
Chapter Review 530
Part V Review 534
Part VI OSPF 537
Chapter 21 Understanding OSPF Concepts 538
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 538
Foundation Topics 540
Comparing Dynamic Routing Protocol Features 540
Routing Protocol Functions 541
Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols 542
Comparing IGPs 543
IGP Routing Protocol Algorithms 543
Metrics 544
Other IGP Comparisons 545
OSPF Concepts and Operation 546
OSPF Overview 546
Topology Information and LSAs 546
Applying Dijkstra SPF Math to Find the Best Routes 547
Becoming OSPF Neighbors 548
The Basics of OSPF Neighbors 548
Meeting Neighbors and Learning Their Router ID 548
Exchanging the LSDB Between Neighbors 550
Fully Exchanging LSAs with Neighbors 550
Maintaining Neighbors and the LSDB 551
Using Designated Routers on Ethernet Links 552
Calculating the Best Routes with SPF 553
OSPF Areas and LSAs 555
OSPF Areas 555
How Areas Reduce SPF Calculation Time 556
(OSPFv2) Link-State Advertisements 557
Router LSAs Build Most of the Intra-Area Topology 558
Network LSAs Complete the Intra-Area Topology 559
Chapter Review 560
Chapter 22 Implementing Basic OSPF Features 562
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 562
Foundation Topics 564
Implementing OSPFv2 Using network Commands 564
OSPF Single-Area Configuration 565
Wildcard Matching with the network Command 566
Verifying OSPF Operation 569
Verifying OSPF Configuration 572
Configuring the OSPF Router ID 574
Implementing Multiarea OSPF 575
Implementing OSPFv2 Using Interface Subcommands 576
OSPF Interface Configuration Example 576
Verifying OSPF Interface Configuration 578
Chapter Review 580
Chapter 23 Implementing Optional OSPF Features 584
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 584
Foundation Topics 586
OSPF Network Types 586
The OSPF Broadcast Network Type 587
Verifying Operations with Network Type Broadcast 588
Using Priority and RID to Influence the DR/BDR Election 590
The OSPF Point-to-Point Network Type 592
Additional Optional OSPFv2 Features 594
OSPF Passive Interfaces 594
OSPF Default Routes 597
OSPF Metrics (Cost) 599
Setting the Cost Directly 599
Setting the Cost Based on Interface and Reference Bandwidth 600
OSPF Hello and Dead Intervals 602
Chapter Review 604
Chapter 24 OSPF Neighbors and Route Selection 608
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 608
Foundation Topics 611
OSPF Neighbor Relationships 611
OSPF Neighbor Requirements 611
Issues That Prevent Neighbor Adjacencies 612
Finding Area Mismatches 613
Finding Duplicate OSPF Router IDs 613
Finding OSPF Hello and Dead Timer Mismatches 614
Shutting Down the OSPF Process 615
Shutting Down OSPF on an Interface 617
Issues That Allow Neighbors but Prevent IP Routes 618
Mismatched MTU Settings 618
Mismatched OSPF Network Types 618
Both Neighbors Using OSPF Priority 0 618
Examples That Show OSPF Neighbors but No Routes 619
Route Selection 621
Equal-Cost Multipath OSPF Routes 621
Multiple Routes Learned from Competing Sources 622
IP Forwarding with the Longest Prefix Match 625
Using Your Subnetting Math Skills to Predict the Choice of Best Route 626
Using show ip route address to Find the Best Route 628
Interpreting the IP Routing Table 628
Chapter Review 630
Part VI Review 634
Part VII IP Version 6 637
Chapter 25 Fundamentals of IP Version 6 638
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 638
Foundation Topics 640
Introduction to IPv6 640
The Historical Reasons for IPv6 640
The IPv6 Protocols 642
IPv6 Routing 643
IPv6 Routing Protocols 645
IPv6 Addressing Formats and Conventions 646
Representing Full (Unabbreviated) IPv6 Addresses 646
Abbreviating and Expanding IPv6 Addresses 647
Abbreviating IPv6 Addresses 647
Expanding Abbreviated IPv6 Addresses 648
Representing the Prefix Length of an Address 649
Calculating the IPv6 Subnet Prefix (Subnet ID) 649
Finding the IPv6 Subnet Prefix 649
Working with More-Difficult IPv6 Prefix Lengths 651
Chapter Review 652
Chapter 26 IPv6 Addressing and Subnetting 654
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 654
Foundation Topics 655
Global Unicast Addressing Concepts 655
Public and Private IPv6 Addresses 656
The IPv6 Global Routing Prefix 657
Address Ranges for Global Unicast Addresses 659
IPv6 Subnetting Using Global Unicast Addresses 659
Deciding Where IPv6 Subnets Are Needed 660
The Mechanics of Subnetting IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses 660
Listing the IPv6 Subnet Prefix (Subnet ID) 662
List All IPv6 Subnets 663
Assign Subnets to the Internetwork Topology 663
Assigning Addresses to Hosts in a Subnet 664
Unique Local Unicast Addresses 664
Subnetting with Unique Local IPv6 Addresses 665
The Need for Globally Unique Local Addresses 666
Chapter Review 667
Chapter 27 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers 668
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 668
Foundation Topics 670
Implementing Unicast IPv6 Addresses on Routers 670
Static Unicast Address Configuration 671
Configuring the Full 128-Bit Address 671
Enabling IPv6 Routing 672
Verifying the IPv6 Address Configuration 673
Generating a Unique Interface ID Using Modified EUI-64 674
IPv6 Address Attributes 678
Dynamic Unicast Address Configuration 679
Special Addresses Used by Routers 680
Link-Local Addresses 680
Link-Local Address Concepts 680
Creating Link-Local Addresses on Routers 681
Routing IPv6 with Only Link-Local Addresses on an Interface 683
IPv6 Multicast Addresses 684
Well-Known Multicast Addresses 684
Multicast Address Scopes 686
Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses 687
The Unspecified and Loopback Addresses 689
Anycast Addresses 689
IPv6 Addressing Configuration Summary 690
Chapter Review 691
Chapter 28 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Hosts 696
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 696
Foundation Topics 698
The Neighbor Discovery Protocol 698
Discovering Neighbor Link Addresses with NDP NS and NA 699
Discovering Routers with NDP RS and RA 702
Discovering Prefixes with NDP RS and RA 703
Discovering Duplicate Addresses Using NDP NS and NA 705
NDP Summary 705
Dynamic Configuration of Host IPv6 Settings 706
Using Stateful DHCP 706
Differences Between Stateful DHCPv6 and DHCPv4 707
DHCPv6 Relay Agents 708
Using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 710
Building an IPv6 Address Using SLAAC 710
Combining SLAAC with Stateless DHCP 711
Combining SLAAC with RA-Based DNS Server Configuration 712
Permanent and Temporary SLAAC Addresses 712
Troubleshooting Host IPv6 Addressing 714
Verifying IPv6 Connectivity from Hosts 714
Host Commands to Find IPv6 Interface Addresses 714
Testing IPv6 Connectivity with ping and traceroute 716
Verifying Host Connectivity from Nearby Routers 718
Chapter Review 719
Chapter 29 Implementing IPv6 Routing 722
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 722
Foundation Topics 724
Connected and Local IPv6 Routes 724
Rules for Connected and Local Routes 725
Example of Connected IPv6 Routes 725
Examples of Local IPv6 Routes 727
Static IPv6 Network Routes 728
Static Network Routes Using an Outgoing Interface 729
Static Network Routes Using Next-Hop IPv6 Address 730
Example Static Network Route with a Next-Hop GUA 731
Example Static Network Route with a Next-Hop LLA 733
Static Default, Host, and Floating Static IPv6 Routes 735
Static IPv6 Default Routes 735
Static IPv6 Host Routes 737
Floating Static IPv6 Routes 739
Troubleshooting Static IPv6 Routes 741
Troubleshooting Incorrect Static Routes That Appear in the IPv6 Routing Table 741
The Static Route Does Not Appear in the IPv6 Routing Table 743
Chapter Review 744
Part VII Review 746
Part VIII Exam Updates 749
Chapter 30 CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Second Edition Exam Updates 750
The Purpose of This Chapter 750
Additional Technical Content 751
About Possible Exam Updates 751
Impact on You and Your Study Plan 753
News about the Next CCNA Exam Release 754
Updated Technical Content 754
Part IX Appendixes 757
Appendix A Numeric Reference Tables 759
Appendix B Exam Topics Cross-Reference 765
Appendix C Answers to the Do I Know This Already? Quizzes779
Glossary 809

Online Appendixes
Appendix D Practice for Chapter 12: Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks
Appendix E Practice for Chapter 13: Analyzing Subnet Masks
Appendix F Practice for Chapter 14: Analyzing Existing Subnets
Appendix G Practice for Chapter 15: Subnet Design
Appendix H Practice for Chapter 25: Fundamentals of IP Version 6
Appendix I Practice for Chapter 27: Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers
Appendix J Study Planner
Appendix K Topics from Previous Editions
Appendix L LAN Troubleshooting
Appendix M Variable-Length Subnet Masks



9780138229634 TOC 4/22/2024

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